Research Notes

These notes are various interesting tidbits I've collected. I may or may not expand on any of them, so if you're interested in knowing more -- or if you have research that you'd like me to post -- please let me know!

Value of coins in Edward IV's reign
History's first Valentine?

Value of coins in Edward IV's reign

Information courtesy of British reenactment group Company Ecorcheur

Coin name Value Penny value Groat value
Farthing quarter of a penny 1/4 penny --
Half penny 1/2 penny 1/2 penny --
Groat 4 pennies 4 pennies 1 groat
Shilling 12 pennies 12 pennies 3 groats
*Angel 6 shillings, 8 pennies 8 pennies 20 groats
**Ryal/Rose Noble 10 shillings 120 pennies 30 groats
Mark 13 shillings, 4 pennies 148 pennies 37 groats
Pound 20 shillings 240 pennies 60 groats

*Angel: early Edward IV
**Ryal/Rose Noble: later Edward IV, introduced in 1465 to replace the older Noble

 

History's first Valentine?

The letter excerpts reproduced on my persona page were taken from the Paston Letters, a wonderful series of 15th century correspondence. The first records of private correspondence to survive in Britain, these letters provide priceless insight into the lives of an upwardly mobile family during an age of major social upheaval.

Margery Brews, the real-life inspiration behind Caitlin's romance, wrote John Paston some love letters, at least two of which survived. They read:

Unto my ryght welebelovyd Voluntyn, John Paston, Squyer, be this bill delyvered, &c.
Ryght reverent and wurschypfull, and my ryght welebeloved Volutyne, I recomande me unto yowe, ffull hertely desyring to here of yowr welefare, whech I beseche Almyghty God long for to preserve un to Hys plesur, and yowr herts desyre. And yf it please yowe to here of my welefar, I am not in good heele of body, nor of herte, nor schall be tyll I her ffrom yowe;

For there wottys no creature what peyn that I endure,
And for to be deede, I dare it not dyscure [discover].

And my lady my moder hath labored the mater to my ffadur full delygently, but sche can no mor gete than ye knowe of, for the whech God knowyth I am full sory. But yf that ye loffe me, as I tryste verely that ye do, ye will not leffe me therefor; for if that ye hade not halfe the lyvelode that ye hafe, for to do the grettest labur that any woman on lyve myght, I wold not forsake yowe.

And yf ye commande me to kepe me true wherever I go,
I wyse I will do all my myght yowe to love and never no mo.
And yf my freends say, that I do amys,
Thei schal not me let so for to do,
Myne herte me bydds ever more to love yowe Truly over all erthely thing,
And yf thei be never so wroth,
I tryst it schall be better in tyme commying.

No more to yowe at this tyme, but the Holy Trinite hafe yowe in kepyng. And I besech yowe that this bill be not seyn of none erthely creatur safe only your selffe, &c.

And thys letter was indyte at Topcroft, with full hevy herte, &c.

By your own,
Margery Brews.


To my ryght welebelovyd cosyn, John Paston, Swyer, be this letter delyveryd &c.

Ryght wurschypfull and welebelovyd Volentyne, in my most umble wyse, I recommande me un to yowe, &c. And hertely I thanke yowe for the letter whech that ye sende mebe John Bekarton, wherby I undyrstonde and knowe, that ye be purposyd to come to Topcroft in schorte tyme, and withowte any erand or mater, but only to hafe a conclusyon of themater betwyx my fader and yowe; I wolde be most glad of any creatur on lyve, so that the mater myght growe to effect. And ther as ye say, and ye come and fynde the mater no more towards yowe then ye dyd aforetime, ye wold no more put my fader and my lady my moder to no cost ner besenysse, for that cause,, a good wyle aftur, wech causeth myne herte to be full hevy; and yf that ye come, and the mater take to some effecte, then schuld I be meche mor sory and full of hevynesse.

And as for my selfe, I hafe done and undyrstond in the mater that I can or may, as Good knowyth; and I let yowe pleynly undyrstond, that my fader will no more money parte with all in that behalfe, but an C li. And l. marke, whech is ryght far fro the acomplyshment of yowr desyre.

Wherfore, yf that ye cowde be content with that good, and my por persone, I wold be the meryest mayden on grounde; and yf ye thynke not yowr selffe so satysfyed, or that ye hafe mech mor good, as I hafe undyrstonde be yowe afor; good, trewe, and lovyng volentyne, that ye take no such labur uppon yowe, as to come more fo that mater, but let it passe, and never more to be spokyn of, as I may be yowr trewe lover and bedewoman duryng my lyfe.

No more unto yowe at thys tyme, but, Almyghty Jesus preserve yowe, both body and sowle, &c.

Be your Voluntyne,

MARGERY BREWS

 

 

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